March 02, 2016 Code R mefa4 tutorials
The mefa4 R package is aimed at efficient manipulation of very big data sets leveraging sparse matrices thanks to the Matrix package. The recent update (version 0.3-3) of the package includes a bugfix and few new functions to compare sets and finding dominant features in compositional data as described in the ChangeLog.
The first new function is compare_sets. It comes really handy when
one needs to compare row names for two matrix like objects. Such as when
trying to merge two tables which come from different sources. This
facilitates checking the data and troubleshooting.
The function takes two arguments which are
then compared both in terms of unique values, and in terms of
levels when input is a factor (referred to as labels).
The function combines the functionality of
length (as in length(unique(...))), nlevels, union, intersect,
and setdiff.
In the first example let us compare two numeric vectors:
compare_sets(x = 1:10, y = 8:15)
## xlength ylength intersect union xbutnoty ybutnotx
## labels 10 8 3 15 7 5
## unique 10 8 3 15 7 5
Now let us have a look at two factors, one with ‘zombie’/empty/unused levels. In this case the two rows differ for obvious reasons:
compare_sets(x = factor(1:10, levels=1:10), y = factor(8:15, levels=1:15))
## xlength ylength intersect union xbutnoty ybutnotx
## labels 10 15 10 15 0 5
## unique 10 8 3 15 7 5
The second function is called find_max. No, it is not a dog locator,
and it has nothing to do with Ruby.
It takes a matrix-like object
as its argument and finds the maximum value and column ID for each row.
Such a function is handy when for example one is looking for a dominant
feature type in a matrix of compositional data. For example
the area of discrete habitats is summarized in buffers around
point locations using some GIS application.
As a result, we have a matrix where rows sum to 1
(note: this is not a criteria for the function to work):
mat <- matrix(runif(10 * 5, 0, 1), 10, 5)
set.seed(1)
mat <- matrix(runif(10 * 5, 0, 1), 10, 5)
mat <- mat / rowSums(mat)
colnames(mat) <- paste0("V", 1:5)
mat
round(mat, 3)
## V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
## [1,] 0.098 0.076 0.345 0.178 0.303
## [2,] 0.185 0.088 0.106 0.299 0.322
## [3,] 0.180 0.216 0.204 0.155 0.246
## [4,] 0.421 0.178 0.058 0.086 0.256
## [5,] 0.078 0.297 0.103 0.319 0.204
## [6,] 0.277 0.154 0.119 0.206 0.244
## [7,] 0.379 0.288 0.005 0.319 0.009
## [8,] 0.252 0.379 0.146 0.041 0.182
## [9,] 0.189 0.114 0.261 0.217 0.220
## [10,] 0.027 0.340 0.149 0.180 0.303
The find_max function output has an index column with the
column names where values were maximum, and the value itself.
Numeric column indices can be recovered by coercing the values in the
index column to integers:
(m <- find_max(mat))
## |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 100% ~00s
## index value
## 1 V3 0.3450096
## 2 V5 0.3223295
## 3 V5 0.2455856
## 4 V1 0.4210278
## 5 V4 0.3187309
## 6 V1 0.2772785
## 7 V1 0.3788923
## 8 V2 0.3785517
## 9 V3 0.2607874
## 10 V2 0.3404492
as.integer(m$index)
## [1] 3 5 5 1 4 1 1 2 3 2
You might wonder what the third function find_min might do.
Install the package from your nearest
CRAN mirror
by install.packages("mefa4") to find out!
Let me know if you find these updates and the package useful, or
have feature requests, find issues etc.
on the GitHub development site.
A next post will tell more about what that ~00s at the end of
the progress is all about (hint: the
pbapply
package is now a dependency).
I moved to Canada in 2008 to start a postdoctoral fellowship with Prof. Subhash Lele at the stats department of the University of Alberta. Subhash at the time just published a paper about a statistical technique called data cloning. Data cloning is a way to use Bayesian MCMC algorithms to do frequentist inference. Yes, you read that right.
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